{"id":2715,"date":"2022-10-27T08:12:30","date_gmt":"2022-10-27T08:12:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/najoon.org\/maarri\/?p=2715"},"modified":"2022-11-12T06:47:25","modified_gmt":"2022-11-12T06:47:25","slug":"%d8%a3%d8%a8%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%ab%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/najoon.org\/maarri\/%d8%a3%d8%a8%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%ab%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a.. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644!"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\n<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a (\u062a 1997) “\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0629”\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1944\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u062a 1973)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0639\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0650\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0637\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064e\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0630\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647 “\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0629”\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0623\u064f\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 (1944) \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0632\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0637\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0631\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a). \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a. \u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0637\u0647 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a).<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0625\u0646 \u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1914 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u201c\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621\u201d\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0649 (1925)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641: “\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0645\u064e\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u201d(\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643. \u0645\u064e\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0650\u0641\u0652 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064e\u062d\u0652 \u062e\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0628\u0627\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064e\u0648\u062d\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0637\u064e\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0642\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0640\u0628\u0627
\n<\/span><\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064e\u0648\u062d\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0637\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0650\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0648\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064f\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u064f\u062d\u0647 \u0633\u064e\u0640\u0643\u064e\u0628\u0627
\n<\/span><\/strong>\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u064e \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0650\u0628\u064f\u0640\u0647\u0627\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062a\u064e\u063a\u064a \u0645\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u062c\u064a \u0637\u0644\u064e\u0628\u0627\u061f
\n<\/span><\/strong>\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064f\u0640\u0631\u062c\u064e \u0645\u0641\u0652\u062e\u064e\u0640\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064a\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0640\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0640\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064f\u0640\u0637\u064f\u0628\u0627
\n<\/span><\/strong>\u0641\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064f \u0646\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0645\u064d \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0640\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0645\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0643\u0650 \u0642\u062f \u062c\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0630\u0628\u0627<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0640\u0644\u0650 \u0623\u0644\u0640\u0641\u064d \u0644\u064e\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0650\u0638\u0629\u064b\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0648\u0639\u064e\u0638\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627
\n<\/strong><\/span>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0650 .. \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0632\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0641\u062f\u0647\u064f\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0648\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0646\u064f\u0647 .. \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641\u064c \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0650\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062a\u0628\u0627<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u0644\u0650\u062b\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0650 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062e\u064c \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b\u064f\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064e \u0645\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a\u062d\u064d \u062f\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u064f\u0644\u0650\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0627<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0643\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0628\u064a \u062c\u0646\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u064d\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u064f\u0646\u0651\u0650\u0641\u062a\u0652 \u0631\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0628\u0627<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u062d\u0650\u0643\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u062c\u062a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0637\u064e\u0628\u0627\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064c \u0628\u062c\u064e\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064d \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0643\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0627<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0650\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a (\u062a 1945) \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 (\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: “\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a”(\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f 1946)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a” (\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f 1955).(\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a). <\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0651\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646: “\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627”\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644: <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0640\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u063a\u0640\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0646 \u0646\u064e\u0647\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u064f\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0638\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647. \u0642\u0627\u0644:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0622\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0645\u064e\u062a\u0652\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064f \u063a\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0640\u0640\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064e\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627
\n<\/span><\/strong>\u0648\u0635\u064f\u0646\u062a\u064f \u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u062f\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0640\u0640\u0642\u0651\u0650 \u0639\u0646 \u0632\u064e\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u063a\u064d\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0629\u064e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u062c\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0627
\n<\/span><\/strong>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u064e\u0645\u0650\u062f\u062a\u064f \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u064e\u0634\u064e\u062f\u064a\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0650 \u0644\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0627<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(1)\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628<\/a> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.
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